| Russian grammar and vocabulary. Unit 7 | Grammar Lesson 28
Verbs that take the Dative Case. The preposition по | Grammar Lesson 29
Expressing Availability and Necessity. Short-form adjectives занят vs. свободен; должен | Grammar Lesson 30
Verbal Aspect (introduction). Meaning of Aspect. Aspect and Tense. Future Tense: Imperfective and Perfective Future. Aspectual Pairs | Grammar Lesson 31
The Instrumental Case of Nouns. The Instrumental Case of Personal Pronouns. Uses and forms.
| Grammar Lesson 32
The Instrumental Case of Adjectives, Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns. Summary of endings | Quiz 16
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 28-32 with this 15 minute quiz. | Test 7
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 28-32. |
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1.
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Uses of the Instrumental Case. Introduction
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The Instrumental case is used after the preposition с - "together
with".
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1. Он пьёт кофе с молоком.
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1. He drinks coffee with milk.
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2. Я хочу бутерброд с колбасой.
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2. I want a sandwich with sausage.
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The Instrumental case isalso used to translate the English phrase "someone and
I": мы с братом - "my brother and I", мы с сестрой - "my sister
and I", мы с друзьями - "my friends and I".
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3. Вчера мы с друзьями ходили в кино.
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3. Yesterday my friends and I went to the movie theater.
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To express the means, manner, or agent, by which an action is performed the
Instrumental case without a preposition is used
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4. Я пишу ручкой.
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4. I write with a pen.
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5. Японцы едят палочками.
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5. The Japanese eat with chopsticks.
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Notes
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The Instrumental Case is also used for objects of some
prepositions.
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2.
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The Instrumental Case of Nouns (Formation of Singular and Plural Forms)
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The Instrumental case of nouns is formed from the Nominative
case. Study the formation of the Instrumental Singular:
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Hard stem nouns
Nominative -> Accusative
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Soft stem nouns
Nominative -> Accusative
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брат -> братом
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музей ->музеем
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кафетерий ->
кафетерием
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словарь -> словарём
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молоко = молоком
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море -> морем
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ружьё -> ружьём
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здание ->зданием
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колбаса -> колбасой
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песня -> песней
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курица -> курицей
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история -> историей
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семья -> семьёй
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тедрадь -> тетрадью
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палочки -> палочками
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родители -> родителями
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друзья -> друзьями
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Instrumental Case
endings:
-ом (-ем, -ём); -ой (-ей, -ёй); -ами (-ями)
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Notes
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The Instrumental case endings for hard stem masculine and neuter nouns
is -ом (братом, молоком).
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The Instrumental case endings for soft stem masculine and neuter nouns
is -ем if the ending is unstressed (музеем, преподавателем,
зданием) and -ём if the ending is stressed (словарём). The soft
variant -ем is also used after ж, ш, ч, щ and ц if the ending is not
stressed (канадцем).
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The Instrumental case endings for hard stem feminine nouns is -ой
(сестрой, колбасой).
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The Instrumental case endings for soft stem feminine nouns is -ей
if the ending is unstressed (песней, историей) and -ёй if the ending is
stressed (семьёй). The soft variant -ей is also used after ж, ш, ч, щ
and ц if the ending is not stressed (курицей).
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Feminine nouns with ь at the end have the special ending -ю spelled
after the ь (тетрадью, дверью).
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3.
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The Instrumental Case of Personal Pronouns
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Memorize the Instrumental case of personal pronouns:
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Nominative: Кто? Что?
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Instrumental: Кем? Чем?
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я
ты
он, оно; она
мы
вы
они
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I
you
he, it; she
we
you
they
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мной (со мной)
тобой (с тобой)
им; ей (с ним; с ней)
нами (с нами)
вами (с вами)
ими (с ними)
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with/by me
with/by you
with/by him, her
with/by us
with/by you
with/by them
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Notes
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After a preposition the Instrumental case forms of the third person pronouns
have the consonant н. Compare: с ним, с ней, с ними.
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The preposition с becomes со before мной: со мной.
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1. Мы учимся с ней в одном классе.
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1. I am in the same class with her.
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2. Они говорили со мной по-русски.
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2. They spoke with me in Russian.
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Exercises Упражнения
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Form the Instrumental case of nouns (hard endings)
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Form the Instrumental case of nouns (soft endings)
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Form the Instrumental case of nouns (hard and soft endings)
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