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Self study guide for elementary level learners of Russian
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Grammar Lesson 11

Present Tense of Verbs. Verb Conjugation. Conjugation of verbs жить, писать. Stress in Verbs




Russian grammar and vocabulary. Unit 3
Grammar Lesson 9
Location. Prepositions в (во) and на. В доме vs. дома
Grammar Lesson 10
What is a Verb. Verb Infinitive. The Past Tense
Phrasebook Topic 9
Learn numbers 21-199 in Russian
Phrasebook Topic 10
Learn numbers 200-1000 in Russian
Quiz 8 (Week 6)
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 9-10 and Phrasebook Topics 9-10 with this 10 minute quiz.
Grammar Lesson 11
Present Tense of Verbs. Verb Conjugation. Conjugation of verbs жить, писать. Stress in Verbs
Grammar Lesson 12
About what vs about who. The preposition о (об). Prepositional Case of Personal Pronouns. Verbs говорить, рассказывать, спрашивать
Quiz 9
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 11-12 with this 10 minute quiz.
Test 3
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 9-12 and Phrasebook Topics 9-10.

 Грамматика                                               Russian Verb: Present Tense 

 

1.

The Present Tense
  Verbs in the present tense are used to describe habitual or ongoing actions or to make a simple statement of fact. Study the following examples:

1. Я читаю каждый день.

1. I read every day.

2.- Что ты сейчас делаешь?

   - Я читаю.

2.- What are you doing now?

   - I'm reading

3.  Я давно читаю.

3.  I've been reading for a long time.

4.- Где ты живёшь?

   - Я живу в Москве.

4.- Where do you live?

   - I live in Moscow.

Contextual clue words (such as каждый день - every day, сейчас - now, давно - for a long time) help to decide if the action is habitual or ongoing.

 

Thus one Russian present tense corresponds to several English present tenses. Compare:

 In Russian

 In English

 я читаю

 I read

 I am reading

 I have been reading

 

2.

Verb Conjugation
A Russian verb has six forms in the present tense, one for each of the subject pronouns (1st, 2nd and 3rd persons, singular and plural). By looking at the ending of the verb we can tell the person and the number of the verb. This is called verb conjugation.

The Present tense form consists of a verb stem followed by an ending denoting person and number. 

Most Russian verbs fall into two groups: first conjugation and second conjugation.

First conjugation verbs take the endings -ю(-у ); -ешь; -ет; -ем; -ете and -ют (- ут) in the Present Tense.

Second conjugation verbs take the endings -ю (-у); -ишь; -ит; -им; -ите and -ят (-ат) in the Present Tense. 

Study the formation of the present tense:

                                     1-st conjugation verbs                       2-nd conjugation verbs
 Infinitive

 

 читать

 to read

 гулять

 to walk

   говорить

 to speak

 смотреть

 to watch

 учить

 to learn (memorize)

 я - I

 ты - you 

 он, она - he,she

 мы - we

 вы - you

 они - they

 чита-ю

 чита-ешь

 чита-ет

 чита-ем

 чита-ете

 чита-ют

 гуля-ю

 гуля-ешь

 гуля-ет

 гуля-ем

 гуля-ете

 гуля-ют

 говор-ю

 говор-ишь

 говор-ит

 говор-им

 говор-ите

 говор-ят

 смотр-ю

 смотр-ишь

 смотр-ит

 смотр-им

 смотр-ите

 смотр-ят

 уч-у

 уч-ишь

 уч-ит

 уч-им

 уч-ите

 уч-ат

 
 

Notes

  • Conjugations are memorized with pronouns.
  • To form the present tense of first conjugation verbs remove the ending -ть from infinitive and add the appropriate present tense ending.
  • To form the present tense of second  conjugation verbs remove three final letters (и or е and -ть) from infinitive and replace them by the appropriate present tense ending.
  • Never break a spelling rule when adding endings to verbs, i.e. after  к, г, х, ж, ш, щ, ч, ц  write у and а instead of ю and я (я учу, они учат).

3.

First conjugation verbs with stems ending in a consonant
For a few but common first conjugation verbs the stem of the present tense is different from the stem of the infinitive. Such verbs have present tense stems ending in a consonant which is not reflected in the infinitive stem. Memorize two of them for now: жить - to live (infinitive stem: жи-, present tense stem: жив-) and писать - to write (infinitive stem: писа-, present tense stem: пиш-).

Study their present tense forms. Note the difference between the infinitive stem and the present tense stem:

Infinitive  жить

 to live

 писать

 to write

я - I

ты - you 

он, она - he,she

мы - we

вы - you

они - they

 жив-у

 жив-ёшь

 жив-ёт

 жив-ём

 жив-ёте

 жив-ут

 пиш-у

 пиш-ешь

 пиш-ет

 пиш-ем

 пиш-ете

 пиш-ут

 
Notes
  • First conjugation verbs with present tense stems ending in a consonant have the ending for я-form and -ут for они-form, instead of expected -ю, -ют. Compare: я читаю, они читают but я живу, они живут.
  • The vowel е is replaced by ё under stress in verb endings (ты читаешь, ты пишешь but ты живёшь)
  • Always learn both the infinitive and the conjugation of each verb.
  • Past tense of all verbs is formed from the infinitive stem: он жил, она жила, оно жило, они жили; он писал, она писала, оно писало, они писали.

4.

Stress in Verbs: three stress types (А, Б, В).
 There are three possible stress patterns in Russian verbs: two constant and one shifting.
Constant stress:

       А - the stress falls on the stem in all forms of the conjugation:

        читать - я читаю; ты читаешь; он, она читает; мы читаем; вы читаете; они читают.

       Б - the stress falls on the ending in all forms of the conjugation:

              говорить - я говорю; ты говоришь; он, она говорит; мы говорим; вы говорите; они говорят.

Shifting stress:

       В - the stress falls on the ending in the infinitive: учить and in the first person singular - я учу, then is  

             shifted to the stem in all other forms - ты учишь; он/она учит; мы учим; вы учите; они учат.

 

Notes
  • When learning a new verb pay attention to the stress type.
  • Dictionaries give verbs with stress marks and indicate stress shifts.
 
Reading  Чтение
 

 

Read the text below and answer the following questions.

 

1. Где родители?

2. Что делают родители?

3. Что делаю я?

4. Что делает сестра?

Текст

Сейчас вечер. Мои родители дома. Моя сестра тоже дома. Мама смотрит телевизор, папа читает, я тоже читаю, а сестра учит новые английские слова.

 

Exercises  Упражнения
Verb conjugation (1-st, 2-nd, and 3-rd person singular forms)
Verb conjugation (1-st, 2-nd, and 3-rd person plural forms)
Verb conjugation (читать)
Verb conjugation (работать)
Verb conjugation (отдыхать)
Verb conjugation (гулять)
Verb conjugation (говорить)
Verb conjugation (учить)
Verb conjugation (жить)
Verbs practice
Translation

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