Russian For Everyone Learn Russian Language Online

Self study guide for elementary level learners of Russian
and for intermediate level students who wish to review basic grammar and vocabulary




Grammar Lesson 6

Asking What and Who? Nominative case. Asking Where? Prepositional case




Russian grammar and vocabulary. Unit 2
Grammar Lesson 5
Asking Whose in Russian? The Possessive Pronouns его, её, их, наш, ваш
Grammar Lesson 6
Asking What and Who? Nominative case. Asking Where? Prepositional case
Phrasebook Topic 5
Family
Phrasebook Topic 6
At the Airport
Quiz 6
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 5-6 and Phrasebook Topics 5-6 with this 10 minute quiz.
Grammar Lesson 7
What is an Adjective? Nominative Case of Adjectives
Grammar Lesson 8
Demonstrative Pronouns этот and тот. Indeclinable это vs. Demonstrative pronouns этот (эта, это, эти)
Phrasebook Topic 7
Clothes
Phrasebook Topic 8
Learn numbers 1-20 in Russian
Quiz 7
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 7-8 and Phrasebook Topic 7 with this 10 minute quiz.
Test 2
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 5-8 and Phrasebook Topics 5-8.

 Грамматика               Asking What, Who and Where: Nominative and Prepositional Case

 
1. Asking What and Who? The Nominative case
  The Nominative case is the main form of nouns and their modifiers: adjectives and possessive pronouns. 

The Nominative is used for naming . Nouns in the Nominative case answer the questions like "What is this?", "Who is this?", "Who is he"?

Learn the following questions and answers. Click each dialogue to listen, then read it. Try to imitate the speaker's intonation.

1. - Что это?

    - Это мой учебник.

1. - What is this?

    - This is my textbook.

2. - Кто это?

    - Это мой друг.

2. - Who is this?

    - This is my friend.

 

3. - Кто он?

    - Он студент.

 

3. - Who is he?

    - He is a student.

 

Notes

  • The interrogative pronoun что (what) is used to ask about objects and things; кто (who) is used to ask about people and animals.
  • In a dictionary all nouns, adjectives and possessive pronouns are given in the Nominative case.
  • All other cases are formed from the Nominative.
2. Asking Where? The Prepositional case
The Prepositional case of a noun with the preposition в - "in" is used to indicate location.
  Click the following statements to listen, then read them aloud. 

1. - Где твой учебник?

    - Он в сумке.

1. - Where is your textbook?

    - It is in the bag.

2. - Где твой друг?

    - Он сейчас в Мексике.

2. - Where is your friend?

     - He is in Mexico now.

3.   Моя сестра в России.

3.   My sister is in Russia.

 
The Prepositional case of nouns is formed from the Nominative case. 

Study the formation of the Prepositional Singular :

Hard stem nouns

Nominative -> Prepositional

Soft stem nouns

Nominative -> Prepositional

Translation of the nouns in 

the Prepositional case

Masculine 

город -> в городе

музей -> в музее

in the city, in the museum  

словарь -> в словаре

in the dictionary  

кафетерий -> в кафетерии

in the cafeteria   

Feminine 

сумка -> в сумке

песня -> в песне

in the bag, in the song  

 

тетрадь -> в тетради

in the notebook  

Россия -> в России

in Russia  

Neuter 

письмо -> в письме

море -> в море

in the letter, in the sea  

ружьё -> в ружье

in the gun  

 

здание -> в здании

in the building  

Prepositional Singular endings:      or -и  

 

Notes
  • The basic Prepositional case ending for all singular nouns (hard and soft stem masculine, feminine and neuter) is .
  • Feminine nouns ending in in the Nominative take the ending in the Prepositional case.
  • Nouns ending in -ий (masculine), in -ия (feminine ), and in -ие (neuter) in the Nominative also take the ending in the Prepositional case.
Study the formation of the Prepositional Plural:

Hard stem nouns

Nominative -> Prepositional

Soft stem nouns

Nominative -> Prepositional

Plural 

город -> в городах

сумка -> в сумках

письмо -> в письмах

музей -> в музеях

словарь -> в словарях

кафетерий -> в кафетериях

песня -> в песнях

тетрадь -> в тетрадях

море -> в морях

ружьё -> в ружьях

здание -> в зданиях

Prepositional Plural endings:         -ах or -ях 

Notes
  • The Prepositional case ending for hard stem nouns in the plural is -ах
  • The Prepositional case ending for soft stem nouns in the plural is -ях.
  •  

  • When you form the Prepositional case (singular or plural), drop the final -й, -ь, -а, -я, -о, -е, -ё from the Nominative case form and add the appropriate Prepositional case ending: музей -> в музее, в музеях; сумка -> в сумке, в сумках; Россия -> в России, здание -> в здании,  в зданиях, etc
  • Since hard stem masculine nouns (the nouns that end in a consonant other than -й) have zero ending (-Ø), you "drop zero" or simply add the Prepositional case ending: город -> в городе, в городах.
Exercises  Упражнения
Form the Prepositional singular of nouns
Form the Prepositional plural of nouns
Multicultural quiz
Find the appropriate answer

Back to main