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1.
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Asking What and Who? The Nominative case
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The Nominative case is the main form of nouns and their modifiers: adjectives
and possessive pronouns.
The Nominative is used for naming
. Nouns in the Nominative case answer the questions like "What is this?", "Who
is this?", "Who is he"?
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Learn the following questions and answers. Click each dialogue to listen, then
read it. Try to imitate the speaker's intonation.
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1. - Что это?
- Это мой учебник.
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1. - What is this?
- This is my textbook.
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2. - Кто это?
- Это мой друг.
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2. - Who is this?
- This is my friend.
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3. - Кто он?
- Он студент.
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3. - Who is he?
- He is a student.
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Notes
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The interrogative pronoun что (what) is used to ask about objects and
things; кто (who) is used to ask about people and animals.
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In a dictionary all nouns, adjectives and possessive pronouns are given in the
Nominative case.
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All other cases are formed from the Nominative.
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2.
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Asking Where? The Prepositional case
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The Prepositional case of a noun with
the preposition в - "in" is used to indicate location.
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Click the following statements to listen, then read them aloud.
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1. - Где твой учебник?
- Он в сумке.
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1. - Where is your textbook?
- It is in the bag.
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2. - Где твой друг?
- Он сейчас в Мексике.
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2. - Where is your friend?
- He is in Mexico now.
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3. Моя сестра в России.
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3. My sister is in Russia.
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The Prepositional case of nouns is formed from the Nominative
case.
Study the formation of the Prepositional Singular
:
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Hard stem nouns
Nominative -> Prepositional
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Soft stem nouns
Nominative -> Prepositional
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Translation of the nouns in
the Prepositional case
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город -> в городе
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музей -> в
музее
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in the city, in the museum
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словарь ->
в словаре
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in the dictionary
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кафетерий
-> в кафетерии
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in the cafeteria
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сумка -> в сумке
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песня -> в песне
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in the bag, in the song
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тетрадь -> в
тетради
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in the notebook
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Россия
-> в России
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in Russia
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письмо -> в
письме
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море -> в море
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in the letter, in the sea
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ружьё -> в ружье
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in the gun
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здание
-> в здании
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in the building
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Prepositional Singular endings:
-е
or -и
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Notes
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The basic Prepositional case ending for all singular nouns (hard and soft stem
masculine, feminine and neuter) is -е.
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Feminine nouns ending in -ь in the
Nominative take the ending -и in the
Prepositional case.
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Nouns ending in -ий (masculine), in -ия (feminine ), and in -ие
(neuter) in the Nominative also take the ending -и
in the Prepositional case.
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Study the formation of the Prepositional Plural:
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Hard stem nouns
Nominative -> Prepositional
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Soft stem nouns
Nominative -> Prepositional
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город -> в городах
сумка -> в сумках
письмо -> в
письмах
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музей -> в
музеях
словарь -> в
словарях
кафетерий ->
в кафетериях
песня -> в песнях
тетрадь -> в
тетрадях
море -> в
морях
ружьё -> в ружьях
здание -> в
зданиях
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Prepositional Plural endings:
-ах
or -ях
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Notes
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The Prepositional case ending for hard stem nouns in the plural is
-ах.
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The Prepositional case ending for soft stem nouns in the plural is
-ях.
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When you form the Prepositional case (singular or plural), drop the
final -й, -ь, -а, -я, -о, -е, -ё from the Nominative case form and add the
appropriate Prepositional case ending: музей
-> в музее, в музеях;
сумка -> в сумке,
в сумках; Россия
-> в России, здание
-> в здании, в зданиях,
etc.
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Since hard stem masculine nouns (the nouns that end in a consonant other than -й)
have zero ending (-Ø), you "drop zero" or simply add
the Prepositional case ending: город
-> в городе, в
городах.
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Exercises Упражнения
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Form the Prepositional singular of nouns
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Form the Prepositional plural of nouns
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Multicultural quiz
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Find the appropriate answer
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