| Russian grammar and vocabulary. Unit 2 | Grammar Lesson 5
Asking Whose in Russian? The Possessive Pronouns его, её, их, наш, ваш | Grammar Lesson 6
Asking What and Who? Nominative case. Asking Where? Prepositional case | Phrasebook Topic 5
Family | Phrasebook Topic 6
At the Airport | Quiz 6
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 5-6 and Phrasebook Topics 5-6 with this 10 minute quiz. | Grammar Lesson 7
What is an Adjective? Nominative Case of Adjectives | Grammar Lesson 8
Demonstrative Pronouns этот and тот. Indeclinable это vs. Demonstrative pronouns этот (эта, это, эти) | Phrasebook Topic 7
Clothes | Phrasebook Topic 8
Learn numbers 1-20 in Russian | Quiz 7
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 7-8 and Phrasebook Topic 7 with this 10 minute quiz. | Test 2
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 5-8 and Phrasebook Topics 5-8. |
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1.
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What is an Adjective
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An adjective is a part of speech that modifies or describes a noun or a
pronoun. It answers the question
Какой? (какая? какое? какие?) - "What kind of"?
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1. - Какой это галстук?
2. - Это новый синий галстук.
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1. - What kind of tie is this?
2. - This is a new blue tie.
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2.
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The Nominative Case of Adjectives
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Russian adjectives function as noun (or
pronoun) modifiers and must agree with the word they modify in gender, number
and case. Like nouns, adjectives have hard stems and soft stems.
The question word какой - "what kind
of" changes for gender, number and
case like an adjective.
Study the basic Nominative case endings of adjectives:
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Hard stem
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Soft stem
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Masculine
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галстук
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Какой это галстук?
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новый
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синий
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Feminine
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Какая это рубашка?
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новая
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синяя
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рубашка
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Neuter
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Какое это платье?
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новое
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синее
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платье
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Plural
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Какие это галстуки,
рубашки, платья?
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новые
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синие
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Adjectives endings:
-ый/-ой
(-ий); -ая(-яя); -ое(-ее); -ые(-ие)
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Notes
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Most adjectives have hard stems: новый - new, интересный -
interesting, белый - white, красный - red, модный -
fashionable, старый - old, красивый - beautiful,
etc.
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A few adjectives have soft stems. Examples: синий - deep blue,
летний - summery, зимний - wintry, вечерний - evening,
последний - last.
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If an adjective has end stress, it's masculine form ends on -ой:
какой - what kind of, молодой - young, плохой
- bad, большой - big, голубой - pale blue.
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Spelling
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Never break the 7-letter spelling rule when adding endings to adjectives, i.e.
after к, г, х, ж, ш, щ, ч write -ий,
-ие, not -ый and -ые: русский, русские
- Russian, какие, большие, плохие.
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Do not confuse adjectives effected by the 7-letter spelling rule and adjectives
that have "naturally" soft stems. Compare: русский, русская, русское,
русские (feminine and neuter endings remain hard: -ая, -ое, whereas
masculine and plural endings effected by the 7-letter spelling rule are soft : -ий,
-ие ) and синий, синяя, синее, синие (all endings are
"naturally" soft: -ий, -яя, -ее, -ие).
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After the letters ж, ш, щ, ч
and ц do not write unstressed -о, write
-e instead (5-letter spelling rule): хорошее платье
- good dress, горячее молоко - hot milk.
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Listen to the dialogue, then read it aloud. Pay attention to the usage of
adjectives and possessive pronouns.
Click on each line to listen.
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Диалог
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1. - Таня, это твоё пальто?
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1. - Tanya, is that your overcoat?
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2. - Какое? Серое? Да, моё.
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2. - Which one? Grey? Yes, it's mine.
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3. - А коричневая сумка тоже твоя?
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3. - Is the brown bag also yours?
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4. - Нет, коричневая не моя. Моя - чёрная.
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4. - No, the brown one isn't mine. Mine is black.
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Reading Чтение
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Read the text and answer the questions.
Analyze adjectives endings.
1. Какой это магазин?
2. Какое пальто там *можно купить?
3. Какой костюм там можно купить?
4. Какое платье там можно купить?
*можно купить - one can buy
Текст
Это новый магазин *"Одежда". Там можно купить хорошее
чёрное, серое или синее пальто, модный белый костюм, красивое платье.
*одежда - clothes
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цвета - colors:
белый - white
чёрный - black
серый - grey
красный -red
синий - blue
голубой - pale blue
жёлтый - yellow
зелёный - green
коричневый - brown
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Exercises Упражнения
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Practice asking questions with the interrogative word какой
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Make adjectives agree with nouns
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Choose the correct forms of adjectives
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