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Self study guide for elementary level learners of Russian
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Grammar Lesson 14

Talking about languages: русский язык vs по-русски. Language skills vs study or knowledge of language




Russian grammar and vocabulary. Unit 4
Grammar Lesson 13
Questions 'Какой' and 'Как?': Adjectives vs Adverbs.Formation of Adverbs. Adverbs of Place and Time
Grammar Lesson 14
Talking about languages: русский язык vs по-русски. Language skills vs study or knowledge of language
Phrasebook Topic 11
Languages
Phrasebook Topic 12
Cardinal and Ordinal Numerals
Quiz 10
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 13-14 and Phrasebook Topic 11 with this 10 minute quiz.
Grammar Lesson 15
Denoting a Direct Object. Accusative Case of Nouns (Formation of Singular Forms). Transitive and Intransitive verbs
Grammar Lesson 16
Accusative Case of Adjectives, Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns. The verb хотеть - to want
Grammar Lesson 17
Studying and Teaching: изучать, учиться, заниматься, преподавать. Verbs with -ся
Phrasebook Topic 13
Subjects at School
Phrasebook Topic 14
About Myself
Quiz 11
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 15-17 and Phrasebook Topics 13-14 with this 10 minute quiz.
Test 4
Check what you have learned from Grammar Lessons 13-17 and Phrasebook Topics 11-14.

 Грамматика                            Talking about languages: русский язык vs по-русски

 

1.

 Verbs Related to language: language skills vs study or knowledge of language
  When talking about languages we usually say what language or languages we know, study, speak, understand, read, and write. In Russian, there are two different forms of the language:
  • an adjective followed by the word язык: русский язык, английский язык;
  • an adverb with по- : по-русски, по-английски.

 

 Verbs related to language can be divided in two groups.

1. Verbs involving study or knowledge of language: изучать (to study) and знать (to know). For these verbs use an adjectival form of the language (...-ский язык). Listen and repeat:

 

Я изучаю русский язык.

 I study Russian.

Я знаю английский язык.

 I know English.

 
  2. Verbs involving language skills: говорить (to speak), понимать (to understand), читать (to read), and писать (to write). For these verbs use an adverbial form of the language (по- ...ски). Listen and repeat:

Я говорю по-английски.

 I speak English.

Я немного понимаю по-русски.

 I understand Russian a little.

Наши студенты неплохо читают по-русски.

 Our students read in Russian quite well.

Мы пишем по-английски.

 We write in English.

 

2.

 Questions about language

 When asking what language someone knows or studies, the nominative case structure: "Какой язык... " is used. 

Listen and repeat:

Какой язык вы знаете?

 What language do you know?

Какой язык вы изучаете?

 What language do you study? 

Я изучаю русский язык.

 I study Russian language. 

 

When asking what language someone speaks, reads, or writes, the prepositional case structure: "На каком языке..." is used. Listen and repeat:

На каком языке вы говорите?

 (In) what language do you speak?

На каком языке вы читаете?

 (In) what language do you read? 

На каком языке вы пишете?

 (In) what language do you write?

 

Я говорю, читаю и пишу по-английски.

 

 I speak, read, and write in English. 

 

The verb понимать is the only one that can be used with either adjective or adverb. Though the question asked is "Какой язык...":

Какой язык вы понимаете?

 What language do you understand?

Я понимаю русский язык.

 I understand Russian. 

Я понимаю по-русски.

 I understand Russian. 

 Notes
  • Russian words for languages are not capitalized: русский язык, по-русски; английский язык, по-английски.
 
  Reading  Чтение

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Read the text below and answer the questions.

 

1. На каком языке свободно* говорит сестра?

2. На каком языке она хорошо пишет?

3. Какой язык она изучает в университете?

 

* свободно - fluently

 

Текст

Я знаю английский язык, хорошо пишу и читаю по-французски. Я изучаю русский язык в университете. Я немного понимаю по-русски.

Моя сестра свободно говорит по-французски. Она хорошо читает и пишет, но плохо понимает по-японски. Она изучает японский язык в университете.

 

 

Exercises  Упражнения
Translation

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