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1.
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Transitive and Intransitive verbs
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А. Verbs that take a direct object are called transitive
verbs. They are indicated by a "v.t." in the dictionary.
The direct object answers the question что? (what?) or кого?
(whom?) asked after the verb and receives the action of the verb directly,
without prepositions separating the verb from the receiver.
Study the following example:
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1. Он читает газету.
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1. He is reading a newspaper.
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The verb (читает - is reading) is followed by the noun (газету -
a newspaper) answering the question что? (what):
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Он читает что? Answer: газету. - He is
reading what? Answer: a newspaper.
The noun газету is in the Accusative case. The Accusative case expresses
the direct object.
More examples of the transitive verbs followed by the direct object:
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2. Она пишет статью.
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1. She is writing an article.
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3. Мы смотрим телевизор.
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2. We are watching TV.
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4. Я изучаю русский язык.
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3. I'm studying Russian.
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5. Они редко слушают музыку.
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3. They listen to the music rarely.
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Б. Verbs that do not take a direct object are called intransitive
verbs. They are indicated by a "v.i." in the dictionary. An
intransitive verb cannot take a direct object by definition.
Study the following example:
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1. Он живёт в Москве.
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1. He lives in Moscow.
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The verb (живёт - lives) cannot be followed by a noun answering the question что?
(what?). The question we ask is где? (where):
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Он живёт где? Answer: в Москве. - He
lives where? Answer: in Moscow.
The noun в Москве is in the Prepositional case, and it is the indirect
object.
More examples of the intransitive verbs followed by the indirect object:
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2. Она работает в университете.
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2. She works at university.
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3. Я всегда отдыхаю в воскресенье.
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3. I always relax on Sunday.
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Notes
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Some verbs may be used both transitively and intransitively.
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Some verbs are transitive in English but intransitive in Russian. Such verbs
are to be mentioned and discussed later on.
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2.
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The Accusative Case of Nouns (Formation of Singular Forms)
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The Accusative case of nouns is
formed from the Nominative case. Study the formation of the
Accusative Singular for inanimate nouns:
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Hard stem nouns
Nominative -> Accusative
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Soft stem nouns
Nominative -> Accusative
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журнал = журнал
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музей = музей
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словарь = словарь
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кафетерий = кафетерий
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книга -> книгу
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песня -> песню
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тедрадь = тетрадь
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история -> историю
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кресло = кресло
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море = море
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ружьё = ружьё
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здание = здание
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Accusative
Singular endings:
-у (-ю)
or
= Nominative
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Notes
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Only feminine nouns change their endings for the Accusative case. The
Accusative case endings for feminine nouns are -у
(hard stem) and -ю (soft stem).
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The Accusative case endings
for inanimate masculine and neuter nouns coincide with the Nominative
case.
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If a feminine noun stem ends in ь (soft sign) the
Accusative case coincides with the Nominative case (тетрадь =
тетрадь, дверь = дверь).
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Accusative case endings for animate nouns will be discussed later on.
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Listen and repeat:
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1. Я читаю книгу.
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1. I'm reading a book.
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2. Я изучаю историю.
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1. I study history.
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Exercises Упражнения
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Form the Accusative singular of nouns
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Translation
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