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Adjectives vs Adverbs
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Many words in English function both as adjectives and adverbs without a change
in form. But it is not the same in Russian. To avoid confusion, remember the
following:
An adjective - прилагательное is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
It answers the questions Какой? Какая? Какое? Какие? (What kind of?)
and takes masculine, feminine, neuter or plural endings depending on the noun
it modifies. Examples:
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хороший журнал
хорошая книга
хорошее платье
хорошие новости
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good
magazine
good
book
good
dress
good
news
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An adverb - наречие is an invariable word. It modifies a verb, an
adjective or another adverb. It answers the question Как? (How?),
does not have gender or number and never changes for cases. Examples:
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хорошо читать
плохо говорить
очень хороший
очень хорошо
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read
well
speak
badly
very good
very well
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Study the following examples. Click each statement to listen, then say
it.
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1. Джон читает хороший журнал.
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1. John is reading a good magazine. (adjective)
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2. Джон хорошо читает по-русски.
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2. John reads well in Russian. (adverb)
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3. Таня очень хорошо говорит
по-английски.
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3. Tanya speaks English very well. (adverbs)
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4. Я плохо говорю по-английски.
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4. I speak English badly. (adverb)
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Notes
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In Russian, evaluative adverbs such as хорошо (well), плохо (poorly), свободно
(fluently), немного (a little) usually precede verbs. Compare the
following Russian and English sentences:
Я хорошо говорю по-английски. I speak English well.
Я немного читаю по-русски. I read Russian a little.
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2.
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Formation of Adverbs
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Many Russian adverbs are derived from adjectives by replacing adjective endings
with the invariable suffix -о. Compare:
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Adjective
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Adverb
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Translation
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хороший
плохой
интересный
красивый
дорогой
дешёвый
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хорошо
плохо
интересно
красиво
дорого
дёшево
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good - well
bad - badly
interesting
beautiful
expensive
cheap
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Study the usage of adjectives and adverbs. Click each statement to listen, then
say it.
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1. Москва - красивый город.
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1. Moscow is a beautiful city.
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2. Там красиво.
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2. It is beautiful there.
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3. "Восток-Запад" - интересный фильм.
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3. "East - West" is an interesting film.
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4. Жить в Лондоне интересно.
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4. It is interesting to live in London.
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Some adverbs are formed with the prefix по-
added to an adjective. Adjectival endings are replaced with the invariable
suffix -и. Compare the following adjectives and adverbs related to languages:
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Adjective
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Adverb
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Translation
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русский
английский
французский
немецкий
японский
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по-русски
по-английски
по-французски
по-немецки
по-японски
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Russian
English
French
German
Japanese
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Study the usage of adjectives and adverbs. Click each statement to listen, then
say it.
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1. Лев Толстой - русский писатель.
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1. Leo Tolstoy is a Russian author.
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2. Джон читает по-русски.
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2. John reads in Russian.
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3. Вы говорите по-английски?
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3. Do you speak English?
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3.
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Adverbs of Place and Time
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Adverbs of place and adverbs of time are not derived from adjectives. They have
no special adverbial suffix. As all other adverbs they do not change their form
for gender, number, and case, i.e. they are invariable.
Adverbs of place answer the question Где? "Where".
Examples:
здесь - here
там - there
дома - at home
Adverbs of time answer the question Когда? "When".
Examples:
всегда - always
вчера - yesterday
сегодня - today
завтра - tomorrow
часто - often
редко - rarely
зимой - in winter
летом - in summer
осенью - in fall
весной - in spring
утром - in the morning
вечером - at night
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Study the following examples. Click each statement to listen, then say
it.
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1. Я здесь живу.
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1. I live here.
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2. Вчера Андрей работал, а сегодня он отдыхает.
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2. Yesterday Andrew worked, but today he is relaxing.
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Reading Чтение
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Read the text below. Note the usage of adverbs and adjectives.
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Текст
Знакомьтесь, это Джон.
Джон - канадец. Сейчас он живёт в Москве и изучает
русский язык. Он очень хорошо говорит по-русски.
Джон говорит о Москве:
"Жить и учиться в Москве очень интересно.
Москва - большой и красивый город. Я живу здесь
почти год".
* изуча
ет - he studies
*учи
ться - to study (to be a student)
* почти
год - almost a year
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Москва зимой - Moscow in winter time
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For listening practice click 
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Exercises Упражнения
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Adjective or adverb?
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Adjective or adverb?
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Adjective or adverb?
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